General References (books):

[Coley 1997] David A. Coley, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms for Scientists and Engineers, World Scientific Publishing Company, 1997.

[Dumitrescu 2000] D. Dumitrescu, B. Lazzerini, L.C. Jain, A. Dumitrescu, Evolutionary Computation,  CRC Press, New York, 2000.

[Goldberg 1989]  David E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization & Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley, Boston, 1989. 

[Koza 1992] John Koza, Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection,  MIT Press,  Cambridge, MA, 1992.

[Michalewich 1996]  Zbigniew Michalewicz, Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, 3rd Edition, Springer, Berlin, 1996.

[Mitchell 1998] Melanie Mitchell, An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, MIT Press,  Cambridge, MA, 1998.

Journal Articles

• [Back 1994] Back, T., "Selective pressure in evolutionary algorithms: a characterization of selection mechanisms," Evolutionary Computation, 1994. IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence., vol.1, 27-29 Jun 1994

• [Back, et. al, 1997] Back, T.; Hammel, U.; Schwefel, H.-P., "Evolutionary computation: comments on the history and current state ," Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on , vol.1, no.1pp.3-17, Apr 1997

• [Burke, Newall, 1999] Burke, E.K.; Newall, J.P., "A multistage evolutionary algorithm for the timetable problem," Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on , vol.3, no.1pp.63-74, Apr 1999.

• [Clerc, Kennedy] Clerc, M.; Kennedy, J. "The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in a multidimensional complex space", Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol.6, Iss.1, Feb 2002, Pages:58-73

• [Gen, Cheng, 1996] Gen, M.; Cheng, R., "A survey of penalty techniques in genetic algorithms," Evolutionary Computation, 1996., Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on , vol., no.pp.804-809, 20-22 May 1996

• [Goldberg, Deb, 1991] D. Goldbergand K. Deb. "A Comparative Analysis of Selection Schemes Used in Genetic Algorithms". In G. Rawlins, editor, FOGA -1, pages 69 - 93. Morgan Kaufmann, 1991.

• [Gritz, Hahn 1995] L. Gritz, J.K. Hahn, "Genetic Programming for Articulated Figure Motion", The Journal of  Visualization and Computer Animation, Volume 6, No 5, April 1995, pp 124-142.

• [Geigel, Loui, 2003] Geigel, J.; Loui, A., "Using genetic algorithms for album page layouts," Multimedia, IEEE , vol.10, no.4, pp. 16-27, Oct-Dec 2003.

• [Kochenderfer 2002] M. Kochenderfer, "Evolving teleo-reactive programs for block stacking using indexicals through genetic programming" In J. R. Koza, editor, Genetic Algorithms and Genetic Programming at Stanford, pages 111--118. Stanford Bookstore, Stanford University, 2002.

• [Kreinovich, et. al, 1993] V. Kreinovich, C. Quintana, and O. Fuentes, "Genetic algorithms: What fitness scaling is optimal?," Cybernetics and Systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 9--26, 1993.

• [Larranaga 1999] P.Larranaga, C.M.H. Kuijpers, R.H. Murga, I. Inza, S. Dizdarevic, "Genetic Algorithms for the Travelling Salesman Problem: A Review of Representations and Operators",  Artificial Intelligence Review, Vol 13, 1999, pp 129-170.

• [Montana, 2002]  David J. Montana,  "Strongly Typed Genetic Programming", 2002.

• [Patterson, Livesey, 1996]  Norman R Paterson, Mike Livesey, Distinguishing Genotype and Phenotype in Genetic Programming, Late Breaking Papers at the Genetic Programming 1996 Conference Stanford University July 28-31, 1996.

• [Schwefel, Rudolph, 1995] Schwefel, H. and Rudolph, G. 1995. "Contemporary Evolution Strategies". In Proceedings of the Third European Conference on Advances in Artificial Life (June 04 - 06, 1995). F. Morán, A. Moreno, J. J. Merelo, and P. Chacón, Eds. Lecture Notes In Computer Science, vol. 929. Springer-Verlag, London, 893-907.

• [Shi, et. al, 2003] Shi, X.H.; Wan, L.M.; Lee, H.P.; Yang, X.W.; Wang, L.M.; Liang, Y.C. , "An improved genetic algorithm with variable population-size and a PSO-GA based hybrid evolutionary algorithm", Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2003 International Conference on, Vol.3, Iss., 2-5 Nov. 2003, Pages: 1735- 1740 Vol.3

• [Sims 1994] Karl Sims, Evolving virtual creatures, Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.15-22, July 1994

• [Sims 1991] Karl Sims, "Artificial evolution for computer graphics", ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, Vol. 25, Issue 4, July 1991, pp. 319-328 

• [Smith, Vavek] Jim Smith and Frank Vavak, "Replacement Strategies in Steady State Genetic Algorithms: Static Environments"

• [Srinivas, Patnaik, 1994] Srinivas, M.; Patnaik, L.M., "Genetic algorithms: a survey," Computer , vol.27, no.6pp.17-26, Jun 1994

• [Takagi 2001] Takagi, H., "Interactive evolutionary computation: fusion of the capabilities of EC optimization and human evaluation," Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.89, no.9pp.1275-1296, Sep 2001

• [Vavak, Fogarty, 1996]  Vavak, F.; Fogarty, T.C., "Comparison of steady state and generational genetic algorithms for use in nonstationary environments", Evolutionary Computation, 1996., Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on, Vol., Iss., 20-22 May 1996 Pages:192-195