∑ = ( { a, b, c, d }, { f¹ }, { P², Q¹ } )
U = { ♡, ♢, ♣, ♤ }
{ a -> ♤, b -> ♡, c -> ♣, d -> ♤ },
f∑ = { f¹ -> { ♤ -> ♣, ♣ -> ♤, ♡ -> ♢, ♢ -> ♡ } },
{ P² -> { (♡, ♣), (♡, ♤), (♢, ♣), (♢, ♤) }, Q¹ = { ♢, ♡ } }
∀x.Q(x) -> Q(a) is it true or false? I've been told that it is true, but
Q(b) -> Q(a)
T -> F -- should be false, right?
Am I missing something here?
It is written exactly as ∀x.Q(x) -> Q(a), no extra parenthesis or anything...