In the second question, beyond this step I am stuck.

Any hints??
Hint : $\prod_{k=1}^n \cos {2^k \theta}$ = $\dfrac 1{2^n}\dfrac {\sin 2^{n+1}\theta}{\sin \theta}$
If you are still unable to solve, drop a comment.
Let $x_0=\cos\alpha_0$ and we get the answer: $\arccos{x_0}$