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A 'particular solution'
$\ds{\exp\pars{\ic k_{x}}\exp\pars{-\verts{q}y}}$
$\ds{\pars{~\mbox{with}\ k_{x}, q \in \mathbb{R}~}}$ satisfies
$$
\pars{-k_{x}^{2} + q^{2}}\exp\pars{\ic k_{x}}\exp\pars{-\verts{q}y} = 0
\quad\implies\quad
\bbx{\ds{k_{x} = \pm q}}
$$
So, the solution can be written as
\begin{align}
\mrm{u}\pars{x,y} & = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\hat{\mrm{u}}\pars{q}
\expo{\ic qx - \verts{q}y}\,\dd q
\\[5mm]
\mrm{f}\pars{x} = \mrm{u}\pars{x,0} & = \int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\hat{\mrm{u}}\pars{q}
\expo{\ic qx}\,\dd q \implies \hat{\mrm{u}}\pars{q} =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{x}\expo{-\ic qx}\,{\dd x \over 2\pi}
\end{align}
Then,
\begin{align}
\mrm{u}\pars{x,y} & =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\bracks{%
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{x'}\expo{-\ic qx'}\,{\dd x' \over 2\pi}}
\expo{\ic qx - \verts{q}y}\,\dd q
\\[5mm] &=
{1 \over 2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{x'}
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\expo{-\ic q\pars{x - x'} - \verts{q}y}\,\dd q\,\dd x'
\\[5mm] & =
{1 \over \pi}\,\Re\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{x'}
\int_{0}^{\infty}\expo{-\ic q\pars{x' - x} - qy}\,\dd q\,\dd x' =
{1 \over \pi}\,\Re\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{x'}
{1 \over y + \pars{x' - x}\ic}\,\dd x'
\\[5mm] & =
\bbx{\ds{\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{x'}
{y/\pi \over \pars{x - x'}^{2} + y^{2}}\,\dd x'}}
\end{align}