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as it is in the title. I am have problems with proving the Johnsons Theorem. enter image description here

The circles $O_1,O_2,O_3$ are all congruent. I am supposed to show that the circle passing though point A,B,C is also congruent. I am supposed to use the fact that i can draw parallelograms here, rhombi in particular.I see four rhombi but i cannot see where to go from here. I also only know the basic facts about parallelograms so please no intricate theorems.

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    Draw the rhombi ... *see the cube* ...2017-02-23
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    @Blue Alright, i see the cubish thing. What now?2017-02-23
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    @Sorfosh Nice pic [here](http://maths.ac-noumea.nc/polyhedr/3Dproofs_.htm).2017-02-23
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    @dxiv I dont really understand the proof as i am new to geometry and never dealt with cubes.2017-02-23
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    @Sorfosh: The trick is to notice that the cubish thing shows the location of an eighth point, which happens to be the center of the target circle.2017-02-23
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    @blue And this point is equidistant to A,B,C ?2017-02-23
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    @Sorfosh: Yes. Feel free to ignore the cube stuff. But note that, thanks to parallelism, the edges of the three rhombi point only three directions. Point $A$ is common to two edges pointing in two of those directions; draw a line through $A$ pointing in the third direction. Likewise for $B$ and $C$. These lines happen meet at a new point (call it $D$); you can prove this by observing that quadrilaterals with diagonals $\overline{AD}$, $\overline{BD}$, $\overline{CD}$ must themselves be rhombi, which in turn shows that all the segments are congruent, and $D$ is equidistant to $A$, $B$, $C$.2017-02-23
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    @blue Why are the quadrilaterals with the diagonals AD,BD,CD must be rhombi? I am sorry, i just cannot see it. It looks like the lines throguh A,B,C meet at one point but i need to prove it. Thanks.2017-02-23
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    @dxiv nice reference. I just proposed today a solution (http://math.stackexchange.com/q/2158607) to a 2D geometrical problem having a 3D interpretation (and thus proof).2017-02-24

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One proof. A direct, brute force angle chasing is one way to do the job. Observe that the line through point $O_1$ orthogonal to $AB$ is the orthogonal bisector of $AB$ (because $AB$ is a chord of the circle with center $O_1$). Analogously, the perpendiculars from points $O_2$ and $O_3$ to the edges $CA$ and $BC$ respectively are orthogonal bisectors of $CA$ and $BC$ respectively. These three orthogonal bisectors intersect at a common point $Q$ which is the center of the circumcircle of triangle $ABC$. Let $\angle \, ACO = \alpha$ and $\angle \, OCB = \beta$. Then in the circle with center $O_3$ $$\angle \, AO_3O = 2 \, \angle \, ACO = 2\alpha$$ Quad $OO_3AO_1$ is a rhombus (or if you prefer $AO_3O$ and $AO_1O$ are congruent triangles) so $\angle \, AO_1O = \angle \, AO_3O = 2 \alpha$. In the circle with center $O_2$ $$\angle \, OO_2B = 2 \, \angle \, OCB = 2\beta$$ Quad $OO_2BO_1$ is a rhombus (or if you prefer $BO_2O$ and $BO_1O$ are congruent triangles) so $\angle \, OO_1B = \angle \, OO_2B = 2 \beta$. Consequently, $$\angle \, AO_1B = \angle \, AO_1O + \angle \, OO_1B = 2 (\alpha + \beta)$$ Therefore $$\angle \, AO_1Q = \frac{1}{2} \, \angle \, AO_1B = \alpha + \beta$$ However, in triangle $ABC$ point $Q$ is a circmcenter, so $\angle \, AQO_1 = \frac{1}{2} \, \angle \, AQB = \angle \, ACB = \alpha + \beta$. Thus we conclude that $$\angle \, AQO_1 = \alpha + \beta = \angle \, AO_1Q$$ which yields that triangle $AQO_1$ is isosceles and $AQ = AO_1$. Since $Q$ is the circumcenter of $ABC$, the segment $AQ$ is the radius of the circumcircle and is therefore equal to the radius $AO_1$ of the circle with center $O_1$ which is what you want to prove.

Comment: On a side note, one can easily show that $O$ is the orthocenter of triangle $ABC$, i.e. $AO$ is orthogonal to $BC$, $\, BO$ is orthogonal to $CA$ and $CO$ is orthogonal to $AB$.

Another proof. Another way to prove the theorem is by proving that triangles $ABC$ and $O_1O_2O_3$ are congruent (in fact central symmetric to each other) and since $O$ is the circumcenter of $O_1O_2O_3$ the radius of its circumcircle $OO_1 = OO_2=OO_3$ must be equal to the radius of the circumcircle of $ABC$.

The congruence can be proven as follows: Look at quad $BCO_2O_3$. Segment $BO_3$ is equal and parallel to segment $OO_1$ because $BO_1OO_3$ is a rhombus. Similarly, $CO_2$ is equal and parallel to $OO_1$ because $CO_1OO_2$ is a rhombus. Therefore $BO_3$ is equal and parallel to $CO_2$ so $BCO_2O_3$ is a parallelogram and $BC$ is equal an parallel to $O_3O_2$ (and by the way $O_3O_2$ is orthogonal to $AO$ because $AO_3OO_2$ is a rhombus so $BC$ is orthogonal to $AO$). Analogously, one shows that $CA$ is equal an parallel to $O_1O_3$, and $AB$ is equal an parallel to $O_2O_1$. Therefore triangles $ABC$ and $O_1O_2O_3$ are congruent and the radii of their circumcircles are equal. The curcumradius of $O_1O_2O_3$ is $OO_1 = OO_2 = OO_3$.

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    @Sorfosh Here you have a couple of possible proof, whichever works better for you (depending on background knowledge).2017-02-23
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The drawing in two steps:

$\hspace{1cm}$ enter image description here

Description:

On the left diagram, there are three rhombi and the cubish figure is a projection of a $3D$-cube on the plane.

On the right diagram, the additional three dotted lines are the other three edges of the cube invisible to us, yet they also make three more rhombi. Hence the red circle has the same radius.

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Johnson's Theorem Diagram

Consider congruent circles, centres Osub1 Osub2 Osub3 arranged clockwise. O is their common point of intersection. Circle Osub1 and Osub3 intersect at A; Osub 1 and Osub2 intrsect at B, and C is third intersection.

The nine radii form three dotted rhombi (with O as the common point). Each of the three different sets of three parallel lines has matching dots. Draw AP // and = Osub3C. APCOsub3 is a parallelogram, so AOsub3 = PC. Therefore APCOsub3 is a rhombus. Similarly, AOsub1BP and PBOsub2C are rhombi. Therefore, P is the centre of circle ABC.

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    I downvoted this answer because I find it quite incomprehensible. If you took the time to properly format your answer using MathJax and (perhaps) to include an image, it might help. That being said, I am not sure what your answer adds to the solutions provided by Futurologist.2018-05-09
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    I hope the diagram helps, Xander. I tried Math Jax, to no avail. Hopefully you will reconsider your rating...2018-05-09
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    _I tried Math Jax_ No, you did **not**. What are _Osub1 Osub2 Osub3_ ???2018-05-09
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    The diagram shows details. Sub means subscript.2018-05-09
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    Put \$ around Osub1 like $O_1$2018-05-09
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    $Osub1$ $O1$ O$1$2018-05-09