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How do I prove that $n<2^n$ for any natural number $n$, assuming basic facts about the algebra of exponents?

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    Try induction on $n$.2017-02-22
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    Duplicate of above2017-02-22
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    You can probably just use Cantor's theorem which says that any set's power set has larger carnality then it does. If a set $S$ has $k$ elements ($|S|=k$) then $|\mathscr P(S)|=2^k$ ($\mathscr P(x)$ is the powerset of $x$). So as long as you can show that $|\mathscr P(S)| = 2^{|S|}$ you should be good.2017-02-22
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    @BenjiAltman This is hilariously overkill.2017-02-22

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This proof is by induction on $n$. For the base case consider when $n = 1$ so we get $1 < 2^{1}$ which is true. Now suppose the property that $n < 2^{n}$ is true for all $n \in \mathbb{N}$. Then for some integer $k = n + 1$ we get

\begin{align*} k &< 2^{k}\\ n + 1 &< 2^{n + 1}\\ n + 1 &< 2^{n} + 2^{n}\\ 1 &< 2^{n} \end{align*} Which is true by the induction hypothesis.