If you write $l_1=(0,a,0,b)$ then $l_1+v_1=(1,a,1,b+1)$ but as $b$ can be any real number, the $+1$ doesn't really matter. You'd probably write more correctly
$$\forall l_{11}\in L_1+v_1\exists a,b\in\mathbb R:l_{11}=(1,a,1,b)$$
in order to clearly express that the $b$ here is local to this formula, and not necessarily the same $b$ you used to write down $L_1$ itself.
Anyway, your conclusion is right. One plane fixes two coordinates, the other fixes the other two coordinates, so all four coordinates are fixed as you say.
In a general $d$-dimensional space, if you intersect an $m$-dimensional affine subspace with a $n$-dimensional one, you get a $(m+n-d)$-dimensional affine space as intersection. At least if the subspaces are in general position, not parallel or some such. In this case here you have $m=n=2$ and $d=4$ so you get $2+2-4=0$ as the dimension for the intersection, a point.
You can think of the $m$ and $n$ as parameters or degrees of freedom, your $a,b,c,d$. You can think of the $d$ as a set of equations which must be satisfied by these. Four equations in four variables have a unique solution unless they happen to be linearly dependent, which they won't be for general position.