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Besides of a=b where $\alpha=45°$ I wouldn't know how to tackle this problem.

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This reduces to finding rational multiples of $\pi$ for which $\sin(\theta)$, $\cos(\theta)$, or $\tan(\theta)$ are rational.

The argument in this paper proves that the only such values are the obvious ones

i.e. the answer is $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$.