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A is a graph, ad B is A's subgraph by deleting an edge of A. Proving forward is easy, but how can we prove backward?

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    If this were true, there would be an easy proof that every graph was planar: just keep deleting edges until none are left.2017-02-17

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Specifically, consider this graph, which is the complete graph on 5 nodes with a single edge removed. It is planar, as the image shows; but famously the complete graph on 5 nodes is not planar.

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but how can we prove backward?

We cannot, because then any graph can be shown to be planar, and that's obviously not the case.