$s \equiv r_1 \pmod k$ is the same as $s = nk + r$ for a multiple $n\in\mathbb{Z}$. This is that $s$ is to a distance of $r$ units of a multiple $n$ of $k$, where $r_1$ is the remainder
Same for $t \equiv r_2 \pmod k$. Then you know that $s$ is to a distance of $r_1$ and $t$ to a distance of $r_2$.
If you add $t$ and $s$ then $m=s+t$. What will happen if you perform modulo operation to $m$? Exactly, the remainder of $m \pmod k$ will be $r_1+r_2 \pmod k$ since both distances of $s$ and $t$ will sum up.
Then we can say that $m \equiv s+t \equiv r_1+r_2 \pmod k$
Finally take a look at Modular arithmetic since this is one of the congruence relations properties.