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I know the converse of this statement is true, but is it biconditional?

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    What is the *solution set* of a matrix?2017-02-15
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    Yes (assuming they have the same sizes)2017-02-15
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    sorry, replace "matrices" with "linear systems" or "augmented matrices"2017-02-15

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If the solution spaces of $Ax = 0$ and $Bx = 0$ are the same (that is, if $A$ and $B$ have the same nullspace, then we can indeed get from $A$ to $B$ using row operations.

To show that this is the case: note that for two matrices in reduced row echelon form to have the same nullspace, they must be equal. Then, note that $A$ and $B$ can both be brought to row echelon form (or back from row echelon form) with row operations.