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Given the positive numbers $a, b, c$ satisfy $a+b+c\le \sqrt{3}$. Prove that $\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le \frac{3}{2}$

My Try (Edited from Comments):

By Cauchy Schwarz, we have that $$ (a^2+1)(1+3) \ge \left(a+\sqrt {3}\right)^2 \rightarrow \frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}} \le \frac{2a}{a+\sqrt{3}} $$ I need a new method

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    my method : By C-S (a^2+1)(1+3)>=(a+sqrt (3))^2 => a/sqrt (a2+1)=<2a/(a+sqrt (3)). Similar and.... |||| i need a new method2017-02-14

3 Answers 3

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Note that $f(x)=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}$ is a concave function for $x>0$. This follows as $$f''(x)=-\dfrac{3x}{(x^2+1)^{\frac{5}{2}}}<0$$ Now use Jensen's inequality. Note that $$f(a)+f(b)+f(c) \le 3 f\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)=3f\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\right)=\frac{3}{2}$$ As $a+b+c=\sqrt{3}$.

The maximum is achieved when $a=b=c$. We are done!

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    @WordShallow Yeah, your welcome.2017-02-14
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Another way.

Since $ab+ac+bc\leq\frac{1}{3}(a+b+c)^2\leq1$, by AM-GM we obtain: $$\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{1+a^2}}\leq\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{ab+ac+bc+a^2}}=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq$$ $$\leq\frac{1}{2}\sum_{cyc}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sum_{cyc}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{a+b}\right)=\frac{3}{2}.$$ Done!

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By AM-GM and P-M we obtain: $$\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+3\cdot\frac{1}{3}}}\leq\sum_{cyc}\frac{a}{\sqrt{4\sqrt[4]{\frac{a^2}{27}}}}= \frac{3\sqrt[8]{27}}{2}\frac{\sum\limits_{cyc}\sqrt[4]{a^3}}{3}\leq$$ $$\leq\frac{3\sqrt[8]{27}}{2}\left(\frac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}\leq\frac{3\sqrt[8]{27}}{2}\left(\frac{\sqrt3}{3}\right)^{\frac{3}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}$$

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    what is "P-M" ?2017-02-15
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    @Word Shallow It's Power Means inequality. See here: http://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php/Power_Mean_Inequality2017-02-15