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I'm doing proof by contradiction for the first time and I understand the concept now, but I can't find a contradiction in my negation.

I'm trying to conclude $\neg n$

$h\wedge\neg r$

$(h\wedge n)\to r$


$~n$

My negations are:

$\neg h\vee r$

$h\wedge n\wedge\neg r$

4 Answers 4

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Remember, proof by contradiction works by assuming the negation of your conclusion, and inferring a contradiction - it has nothing to do with negating your premises.

Think about the problem in terms of the intuitive logic of the situation. Your premises say the following: first, "$h$ is true, and $r$ is not"; second, "if $h$ and $n$ are both true, then $r$ is true". Intuitively, if $n$ were true (the negation of your conclusion), we would have that $h$ and $n$ are both true (using the first half of the first premise). So $r$ is true (using the second premise). But $r$ is false (using the second half of the first premise), which means we now have $r \wedge \neg r$, a contradiction.

Now, the challenge is just taking those steps and converting them into formal logic.

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    This really solidifies my understanding! thank you2017-01-27
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The negations of the two premises are not useful. You need to negate the sentence you are trying to prove, but the premises you use as they are, like this:

Assume $n$. From $h\wedge\neg r$ follows $h$. Infer $h\wedge n$. Use modus ponens to infer $r$. From $h\wedge\neg r$ follows also $\neg r$. Contradiction. Conclude $\neg n$.

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    Ooh, just beat me to it. :-)2017-01-27
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    Thank you! Clarifyng that i need to negate the sentence made it alot more clear2017-01-27
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  1. $h \land \neg r \qquad \qquad$ Premise

  2. $ (h \land n) \rightarrow r \qquad$ Premise

  3. $\qquad n \qquad \qquad \qquad$ Assumption (for the proof by contradiction)

  4. $\qquad h \qquad \qquad \qquad$ Simplification 1

  5. $\qquad h \land n\qquad \qquad$. Conjunction 3,4

  6. $\qquad r \qquad \qquad \qquad$ Modus Ponens 2,5

  7. $\qquad \neg r \qquad \qquad$ Simplification 1

  8. $\qquad \bot \qquad \qquad$ Contradiction 6,7

  9. $\neg n \qquad \qquad$ Proof by Contradiction 3-8

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$$h\land \neg r$$ $$(h\land n) \rightarrow r$$


$$(h\land \neg r)\rightarrow\neg r$$ $$(h\land \neg r)\rightarrow h$$ $$\neg r \rightarrow \neg(h\land n)$$ $$(\neg(h\land n)\land h)\rightarrow\neg n$$

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    Awesome! this format was easiest to understand2017-01-27
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    @HowardP, great! Please see [What should I do when someone answers my question?](http://math.stackexchange.com/help/someone-answers) You can "accept" an answer by clicking the checkmark to the left of the answer.2017-01-27