Let $y:=x-\frac{1}{x}$ for $x\neq 0$. Then, there exists a $2$-to-$1$ correspondence between $x$ and $y$ (namely, $x$ and $-\frac{1}{x}$ are mapped to the same $y$). That is,
$$\int_{x=-\infty}^{x=+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,\text{d}\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)=2\,\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\,f(x)\,\text{d}x=2\,.$$
Now, with $t:=-\frac{1}{x}$, we have
$$\int_{x=-\infty}^{x=+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,\text{d}\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\,f\left(t-\frac{1}{t}\right)\,\text{d}t\,.$$
Since
$$\int_{x=-\infty}^{x=+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,\text{d}\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,\text{d}x+\int_{x=-\infty}^{x=+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,\text{d}\left(-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,,$$
we get
$$\int_{x=-\infty}^{x=+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,\text{d}\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)=2\,\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac{1}{x}\right)\,\text{d}x\,.$$
Thus,
$$\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\,f\left(x-\frac1x\right)\,\text{d}x=1\,.$$