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I am to find how many equivalence relations are there on a set $\left\{1, 2, 3\right\}$. How it can be counted? I will appreciate a step by step solution because I'm new to set theory. Thanks!

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    It's easy. Do you know the proposition that every partition of a set $X$ defines one equivalence relation on $X$ and, conversly, every equivalence relation on $X$ defines a partition on $X$?2017-01-15
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    Really? I didn't know that. And it really makes things easier. So there will be 5 equivalence relations?2017-01-15
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    Yup, you got it!2017-01-15
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    That's great! Thanks! :)2017-01-15
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    Have a look at these links; studing the proof of that theorem is central to understanding equivalence relations. http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1333375/proof-of-theorem-about-equivalence-classes and http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/31656/every-equivalence-relation-on-a-set-s-defines-a-corresponding-partition-and-v2017-01-15
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    Nice links, @Pythagoricus!2017-01-15

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As commented befotre, every partition of a set $X$ defines one equivalence relation on $X$ and, conversly. The different partitions of $X=\{1,2,3\}$ are: $$\begin{aligned}&P_1=\left\{\{1,2,3\}\right\}\\ &P_2=\{ \{{2,3}\},\; \{1\}\}\\ &P_3=\{\{{1,3\}},\; \{{2\}}\}\\ &P_4=\{\{3\} ,\; \{1,2\}\}\\ &P_5=\{\{3\} ,\; \{2\},\; \{1\}\}. \end{aligned}$$

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    Thanks! I think that I understand the problem now.2017-01-15
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    You are welcome2017-01-15