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Let $A\in\mathbb{R}^{4\times 2}$ and $b\in\mathbb{R}^4$ with $b\not=0$.

Is it possible that:

$Ax=b$ has exactly one solution AND $Ax=0$ has infinite solutions.

I think not, but I am bogged down on this.

Infinite solutions for $Ax=0$ means that every single line of $A$ is potentially "canceling"or (0 0) to begin with.

But what means $Ax=b$ in all its consequences?

Is there a lemma I overlook here?

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No. Take $x_1$ to be a solution of $Ax = b$ and $x_2 \neq 0$ to be a solution of $Ax = 0$. Then, $x_3 = x_1 + x_2$ is also a solution of $Ax = b$, since $$Ax_3 = A(x_1+x_2) = Ax_1 + Ax_2 = b + 0 = b.$$

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    Ah, so that takes advantage of linear mappings and their definition. Nice one! (since every matrix "is" a linear mapping)2017-01-03