I am having a problem with the following exercise. Can someone help me please.
Find all functions $f$ for which $f'(x)=f(x)+\int_{0}^1 f(t)dt$
Thank you in advance
I am having a problem with the following exercise. Can someone help me please.
Find all functions $f$ for which $f'(x)=f(x)+\int_{0}^1 f(t)dt$
Thank you in advance
Your differential equation is $f'=f+c$ where $c$ is a constant. This is a first order linear differential equation and the solution has a simple formula. Here you can deduce it:
$f'-f=c$ is equivalent to $(e^{-x}f(x))'=ce^{-x}$ and therefore $$ f(x)=e^x(-ce^{-x}+d)=-c+de^x$$
Now you have to impose the condition $\int_0^1 f(x)dx=c$.
$$ \frac{df}{dx} = f + c $$ $$ \frac{df}{f+c} = dx $$ (provided $f+c\ne 0$). $$ \log_e|f+c| = x + \text{another constant} $$ $$ |f+c| = e^{x+\text{other constant}} = (e^x\cdot\text{positive constant}) $$ $$ f+c = (e^x\cdot\text{some nonzero constant}) $$ But since this was "provided $f+c\ne0$, we need to check whether $f+c=0$ is also a solution, and substitution shows that it is.
So the general solution of the diffential equation is $$ f(x) = ke^x - c. $$ We want $c$ to be $$\int_0^1 f(t)\,dt = \int_0^1 ke^t - c\,dt = ke-k-c.$$
Finally, we've got $$ f(x) = ke^x -\frac{k(e-1)}{2}. $$