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Let $P(z)=a_0+a_1z+\cdots+a_nz^n$ be a polynomial whose coefficients satisfy $$0

I want to show that the roots of $P$ live in unit disc. The obvious idea is to use Rouche's theorem, but that doesn't quite work here, at least with the choice $f(z)=a_nz^n, g(z)=$ (the rest).

Any ideas?

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    I think this is related to the Schur-Cohn criterion2012-08-28
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    It's known as the Eneström–Kakeya theorem. See this question: http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/185818/enestrom-kakeya-theorem2012-08-28
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    @HansLundmark: That (marginally) older question is now (curiously) closed as a duplicate of this one. This comment is just to dissuade people who like me want to mark this question as a duplicate of that one.2015-01-16

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The thing to do is to look instead at the polynomial $$Q(z) = (1-z)P(z) = (1-z)\left(\sum_{i=0}^n a_iz^i \right) = a_0 -a_n z^{n+1} + \sum_{i=1}^n (a_i-a_{i-1})z^i$$ Now, let $|z|>1$ be a root of $P(z)$, and hence a root of $Q(z)$. Therefore, we have $a_0 + \sum_{i=1}^n (a_i-a_{i-1})z^i = a_n z^{n+1}$ Then, we have \begin{aligned} |a_n z^{n+1}| &= |a_0 + \sum_{i=1}^n (a_i-a_{i-1})z^i| \\ & \le a_0 + \sum_{i=1}^n (a_i-a_{i-1})|z^i| \\ & < a_0|z^n| + \sum_{i=1}^n (a_i-a_{i-1})|z^n| \\ & = |a_n z^n|\end{aligned} a contradiction.

For a nice article on integer polynomials, see here. (Your problem is Proposition 10)

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    How did you get the idea to construct $Q(z)$?2012-08-28
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    yea, thanks, the construction of $Q(z)$, makes the condition $a_i$ are monotonic into practice.2012-09-06
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    This shows that the zeros lie in the closed unit disk, but I think the question is to show that the zeros lie in the open unit disk.2018-04-26