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I am trying to solve the following equation:

$$(t+4)dx=4(1+x^2)dt$$

As far as I can remember I have to move x to left and t to right and form an integration. What should I do? Does deviding both side by $(t+4)$ helps? what will be next?!

update

ok as mrf suggested I came to this:

$$\int \frac 1{1+x^2}\,dx = 4\int\frac 1{t+4}\,dt$$

This will be:

$$\tan^{-1}(x)+C == $$

I am not sure about right side...any tips?!

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    Separating variables sounds like a good idea. Write the equation as $$\frac{dx}{1+x^2} = \frac{4\,dt}{t+4}$$ and integrate both sides.2012-05-02
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    Thanks, can you check my update please?!2012-05-02
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    What's the derivative of $\ln |t|$? How about $\ln |t+4|$?2012-05-02
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    Thats true only if numinator is 1 ?2012-05-02
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    The 4 doesn't matter. What's the derivative of $4\ln|t|$?2012-05-02
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    should be the same?!2012-05-02
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    Remember... $$\frac{d}{dx} 4\log |t+4| = \frac{4}{t+4}$$2012-05-02

2 Answers 2

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As you rearranged it in your post, we have

$$\int \frac{dx}{1+x^2} = 4\int \frac{dt}{t+4}$$

As you discovered, the LHS is $\arctan$. To find the value of the RHS, we may say $t+4=u$ so $du=dt$. Thus the RHS can be rewritten as

$$4\int \frac{du}{u} = 4\log |u|+C_2$$

Because we want this integral to be in respect to $t$, we have $u=t+4$, so

$$\arctan x +C_1= 4\log |t+4|+C_2$$

To confirm that the integral we solved is indeed correct, you can simply differentiate $4\log |t+4|+C_2$.

Thus

$x= \tan (4\log|t+4|+C_2-C_1)$

and

$t = \exp (\frac{1}{4}(\arctan x+C_1-C_2))-4$

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    Can you please explain how at the end you went from x to t?2012-05-02
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    @Sean87 What do you mean? Are you referring to when I solved for $x$ and $t$?2012-05-02
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    Yeah, why x = tan but t= exp ?2012-05-03
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    @Sean87 I am simply isolating $x$ and $t$ from $$\arctan x+C_1=4\log|t+4|+C_2 \implies \arctan x=4\log|t+4|+C_2-C_1 \implies x= \tan (4\log|t+4|+C_2-C_1)$$ Similarly, $$\arctan x+C_1=4\log|t+4|+C_2 \implies \arctan x+C_1-C_2=4\log |t+4| \implies \frac{1}{4}(\arctan x+C_1-C_2)=\log |t+4|$$ Assuming $|t+4|>0$ we have $$\frac{1}{4}(\arctan x+C_1-C_2)=\log |t+4| \implies \exp (\frac{1}{4}(\arctan x+C_1-C_2)) = |t+4|=t+4 \implies \exp (\frac{1}{4}(\arctan x+C_1-C_2))-4=t$$2012-05-03
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Here are some proceeding steps:

  • Seperating the variables you get $\displaystyle \frac{dx}{1+x^2} = 4 \cdot \frac{dt}{t+4}$

  • Integrating both sides you have: $\tan^{-1}(x) + C_{1} = 4 \cdot \log|t+4| + C_{2}$.