Consider the matrix:
$M = \begin{pmatrix} 8&-3\\ 3&-1 \end{pmatrix}$
What are ways of showing $M$ has infinite order? I guess one is to find a closed form for the powers of $M$, but is there a more elegant way?
Consider the matrix:
$M = \begin{pmatrix} 8&-3\\ 3&-1 \end{pmatrix}$
What are ways of showing $M$ has infinite order? I guess one is to find a closed form for the powers of $M$, but is there a more elegant way?