The following two series are special cases of Appell $F_3$ and $F_4$, namely: $ \mathcal{S}_1 = \sum_{n \geqslant 0, m \geqslant 0} \frac{x^n y^m}{\binom{n+m}{n}} $ and $ \mathcal{S}_2 = \sum_{n \geqslant 0, m \geqslant 0} \binom{n+m}{n}^2 x^n y^m $ How would one establish that $\mathcal{S}_1$ converges for $\{ (x,y)\colon -1
How to find convergence region of $\sum_{n\geqslant 0, m \geqslant 0} x^n y^m \binom{n+m}{n}^2$
2 Answers
You can use the ratio test for double series.
Here is a good reference, just look under the ratio test theorem:
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0But you can use the ratio test to prove $S_{1}$. On the other hand, you used the comparison test theorem which is included in the paper. – 2012-07-18
Here I would like to give direct derivations by bounding series $\mathcal{S}_1$ and $\mathcal{S}_2$ with simple series admitting closed forms.
The convergence of $\mathcal{S}_2$ can be established using $(a^2+b^2) \leqslant (|a|+|b|)^2$ as follows: $ \left| \mathcal{S}_2 \right| \leqslant \sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{m=0}^\infty \binom{n+m}{n}^2 |x|^n |y|^m \leqslant \left( \sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{m=0}^\infty \binom{n+m}{n} |x|^{n/2} |y|^{m/2} \right)^2 = \left( \frac{1}{1-\sqrt{|x|} - \sqrt{|y|}}\right)^2 $
The convergence of $\mathcal{S}_1$ follows rather simply from $\binom{n+m}{n} \geqslant 1$: $ \left| \mathcal{S}_1 \right| \leqslant \sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{m=0}^\infty \binom{n+m}{n}^{-1} |x|^n |y|^m \leqslant \sum_{n=0}^\infty \sum_{m=0}^\infty |x|^n |y|^m \leqslant \frac{1}{1-|x|} \cdot \frac{1}{1-|y|} $