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Can you draw a logarithmic scale just using some clever geometric construction? Or can it only be done using an actual table of logarithms? logarithmic scale (It's obviously trivial to draw a linear scale. It isn't hard to draw a scale where the spaces between tick marks doubles at each step. But I can't think of a way to get a logarithmic scale.)

I'm not especially worried about exactly which operations are permitted. I'm really just interested in whether you can make a slide rule without doing a bunch of pencil and paper calculations first...

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    When accuracy is not too much of an issue use that $\log_{10}2\doteq0.3$, $\log_{10}4\doteq0.6$, $\log_{10}5\doteq0.7$, $\log_{10}8\doteq0.9$ between $10^n$-ticks.2014-05-03

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Summarising all the comments so far:

Straight-edge and compass construction limits you to lengths that can be expressed as (possibly nested) square roots. Since the logarithm of most numbers is transcendental, you have no hope of constructing it this way.

That said, there's nothing stopping you from drawing equally-spaced ticks and marking then as powers of some number (.e.g, 1, 10, 100, 1000...) But we knew that already.

We also know that exactly half way between 1 and 10 will be $\sqrt{10}$, but that's irrational too, so it's hard to write down on the scale.

In short, it seems that rational approximations (calculated by some suitably tedious method) are the best we can do. I guess that's why Babbage designed the Difference Engine...

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Have a look at this in my write. It shows how one can find the logrithm of 2, 3, 5, by simple assumptions, like $5\lt 6$ We use nothing fancier than $25 \lt 27$ to get the red bit. The plot is a square, in log binary, of lg_2 3 and lg_2 5, multiplied by 12.

http://z13.invisionfree.com/DozensOnline/index.php?showtopic=718&view=findpost&p=22047479

But the OP asked about geometric construction of logs, so i suppose you can't do a compass and straight-edge construction if the ratio of logs isn't rational.

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Take a look at Descartes’s Logarithm Machine which I believe accomplishes your task.