I don't understand the intuition behind this. Why can we just plug in $x$ for $t$ here and that gives us the result? I thought I was understanding the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, but I don't see how it applies here. I thought the Theorem mainly stated that the area under a function can be found by taking the the value of the anti derivative over the specified interval. It doesn't make sense to me why we just plug in $x$ and voila that's our answer.
$\frac {d}{dx} \int_{a}^{x} (t^3 + 1) \ dt = x^3 + 1$