I was reading Kreyszig's book on functional analysis when I came across this theorem:
"Let $T\in{}B(X,X)$, where $X$ is a Banach space. If ||T||<1, then $(I-T)^{-1}$ exists as a bounded linear operator on the whole space $X$ and $(I-T)^{-1}= \sum_{i=0}^{\infty}T^{i}=I+T+T^{2}+...$"
Here's my question:
The book proved this theorem by show that the series $\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}T^{i}$ converges absolutely, so that it is properly defined as an operator, and that $(I-T)(I+T+T^{2}+...T^{n}) \to I$ as $n\to\infty$.
But how can I prove that the operator $(I-T)$ is injective in the first place? And why can we say that $(I-T)^{-1}$ exists on the whole $X$ (which I believe would require the surjectivity of $(I-T)$ )?