When you select things at random repeatedly (with replacement or whatever) out of a field of N possible things, how do you calculate the probability that something has been chosen X times after Y choices were made? For example, if there are 64 DotA 2 heroes and I choose a random one 9 times, what's the chance that I get Skeleton King 5 of those times?
Chance of selecting a duplicate?
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probability
statistics
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0Both, I guess.. – 2012-01-04
1 Answers
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This is the probability of getting $k$ successes in $n$ Bernoulli trials. If exactly five, you multiply:
- the probability of, in a game, getting Skeleton King ($1/64$); done five times
- the probability of, in a game, not Skeleton King ($63/64$); done four times
- the number of distinct rearrangements of these 9 events, which is ${{9}\choose{5}}$ – intuitively, this is the number of ways to "choose" the 5 games out of 9 where you rolled Skeleton King.
Rolling this all up, the formula is (Wolfram Alpha link):
${{9}\choose{5}} \left(\frac{1}{64}\right)^5\left(\frac{63}{64}\right)^4 \approx 1.1 \times 10^{-7}.$
For the probability that you rolled Skeleton King at least five times, you can use the same formula but sum up all the possibilities past 5 up through 9 (Wolfram Alpha link):
$ \sum_{k=5}^9 {{9}\choose{k}}\left(\frac{1}{64}\right)^k \left(\frac{63}{64}\right)^{9-k} \approx 1.1 \times 10^{-7}.$
So the answer is: about 1 in 9 million.
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0Both points are true. Will edit to reflect that. – 2012-01-04