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Consider $\displaystyle I_{R}=\int_{C_{R}}^{} \frac{e^{iz}}{z^{2}}\, dz,$ where $C_{R}$ is the semicircle with radius R in the upper half plane with endpoints $(-R,0)$ and $(R,0)$ $(C_{R}$ is open, it does not include the x axis). Show that $\displaystyle \lim_{R \to{+}\infty}{I_{R}}= 0.$

Could someone help me through this problem?

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    Hint: $|e^{iz}| = |e^{i(x+iy)}| = |e^{ix-y}| = e^{-y} \le 1$ if $z$ is in the upper half plane.2012-05-09

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On the semicircle $C_R$, we have $z = R e^{i \theta}$. Now try to bound the integrand $\displaystyle \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2}$ using a function decaying faster than $\displaystyle \frac1R$ on this circle. Then note that $\displaystyle \left \lvert \int_{C_R} \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2} dz \right \rvert \leq \left \lvert \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2} \right \rvert_{\max \text{ on } C_R} \times \text{length of }C_R$ and let $R \rightarrow \infty$. Move your cursor over the gray region below for detailed answer.

On the semicircle $C_R$, we have $z = R e^{i \theta}$. Hence, the integrand is$\displaystyle \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2} = \frac{e^{iR(\cos(\theta) + i \sin(\theta))}}{R^2 e^{2i \theta}}.$ Hence, $\displaystyle \left \lvert \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2} \right \rvert = \left \lvert \frac{e^{iR(\cos(\theta) + i \sin(\theta))}}{R^2 e^{2i \theta}} \right \rvert = \left \lvert \frac{e^{-R \sin(\theta) + iR\cos(\theta)}}{R^2 e^{2i \theta}} \right \rvert = \frac{e^{-R \sin(\theta)}}{R^2}.$ Note that $R \sin(\theta) > 0$ since $\theta \in \left (0,\pi \right )$. Hence, we get that $\displaystyle \frac{e^{-R \sin(\theta)}}{R^2} < \frac1{R^2}$. Now we can bound the integral as shown below.$\displaystyle \left \lvert I_R \right \rvert = \left \lvert \int_{C_R} \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2} dz \right \rvert \leq \left \lvert \frac{e^{iz}}{z^2} \right \rvert_{\max \text{ on } C_R} \times \text{length of }C_R < \frac{2 \pi}{R}.$ Now take the limit as $R \rightarrow \infty$ to get that $I_R \rightarrow 0$.