Suppose $n$ is a non negative integer $\geq 4$ and $\sigma\in S_n$ a permutation. Conjugacy classes in $S_n$ are completley determined by the cycle structure of $\sigma$. If we let the alternating group $A_n$.act on $S_n$ by conjugation, the orbits coincide with the conjugacy classes in $S_n$ except for those (even) permutations whose cycle structure is composed of even cycles (which corresponds to cycles of uneven length) of distinct order (fixed points are treated as cycles of length $1$.) See http://groupprops.subwiki.org/wiki/Splitting_criterion_for_conjugacy_classes_in_the_alternating_group
For instance a $3$-cycle in $A_4$ has cycle structure $[3,1]$ which fits the bill, and a $5$-cycle in $A_5$ or $A_6$ works too, since the cycle structure is $[5]$ and $[5,1]$ respectively. On the other hand, a $3$-cycle in $A_5$ will does not satisfy the criteria as it has cycle structure $[3,1,1]$ with two fixed points.
In this case, the conjugacy class of $\sigma$ inside $S_n$ splits in $2$ orbits of the conjugation action of $A_n$, and if $\tau$ is any odd permutation, for instance $(12)$, then we have $\mathrm{Conj}_{S_n}(\sigma)=\mathcal{O}(\sigma)\coprod\mathcal{O}(\tau\sigma\tau^{-1})$
My question is How can we differentiate between the two orbits? Does it have geometric meaning?
I can see that this information can be useful when looking at representations of the alternating groups, since there are as many irreducible representations as conjugacy classes. As for some geometric interpretation, I ask because there is one for the three cycles in $A_4$. If $S_4$ is understood as the group of symmetries of a regular tetrahedron, then $A_4$ is the subgroup of direct symmetries, and a $3$-cycle corresponds to a rotation of angle $\frac{2\pi}{3}$ or $\frac{4\pi}{3}$ with axis passing through one of the vertices. Conjugacy classes inside $A_n$ preserve the angle, and that's how we can tell them apart. In this case the computations are so simple we don't really need this picture, but I think it is a nice way to understand the fact $3$-cycles in are not all conjugate inside $A_4$...