I'm having an awful time making sense of a proof and I was hoping someone could help.
Theorem: Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be algebraic over a field $F$ with $deg(\alpha, F) = n$, as elements of a field extension $E$ of $F$.
Define the map $\psi_{\alpha,\beta}:F(\alpha)\to F(\beta)$ by $\psi_{\alpha,\beta}(c_{0} + c_{1}\alpha + ... + c_{n-1}\alpha^{n-1}) = c_{0} + c_{1}\beta + ... + c_{n-1}\beta^{n-1}$.
Then $\psi_{\alpha,\beta}$ is an isomorphism if and only if $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are conjugates over $F$.
Proof:
$(\Rightarrow)$ Assume the map is an isomorphism. Let $irr(\alpha, F) = a_{0} + a_{1}x + ... + x^{n}$. Then $a_{0} + a_{1}\alpha + ... +\alpha^{n} = 0$, so $0 = \psi_{\alpha,\beta}(0) = \psi_{\alpha,\beta}(a_{0} + a_{1}\alpha + ... +\alpha^{n}) = a_{0} + a_{1}\beta + ... +\beta^{n}$, which implies that $\beta$ is a root of $irr(\alpha, F)$.
The author then uses the same argument to show that $\alpha$ is a root of $irr(\beta, F)$, which I haven't read carefully yet or worked through. But I am already in objection.
How do we obtain $\psi_{\alpha,\beta}(a_{0} + a_{1}\alpha + ... +\alpha^{n}) = a_{0} + a_{1}\beta + ... +\beta^{n}$? The definition only gives us a formula for up to degree $n-1$ polynomials.
My partial justification:
Since $a_{0} + a_{1}\alpha + ... +\alpha^{n} = 0$, we know $-a_{0} - a_{1}\alpha - ... -a_{n-1}\alpha^{n-1} = \alpha^{n}$, so $\psi_{\alpha,\beta}(\alpha^{n}) = \psi_{\alpha,\beta}(-a_{0} - a_{1}\alpha - ... -a_{n-1}\alpha^{n-1}) = -a_{0} - a_{1}\beta - ... -a_{n-1}\beta^{n-1}$
But I can conclude that this last expression equals $\beta^{n}$ only if I assume the result which I am trying to prove: that $\beta$ is a root of $irr(\alpha, F)$.
Thus, I am stuck.