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Let's say we have an integer x. How should I delineate a summation of its' digits until I get a single digit.

For example:

x = 12345 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 1 + 5 = 6 

I believe it is possible, just can't find a mathematical way to do so. Would be glad if anyone shared their ideas or point me to the right direction.

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What you're finding is called the digital root or iterated digit sum.

For positive $x$, the digital root is $9$ if $x$ is a multiple of $9$; otherwise it is the remainder of the division $x\div 9$.