As was pointed out in the comments we have to assume that $G$ is finite. Let $K := \ker \varphi$. Then $K \leq H \leq G$ and $K$ is normal in $G$. By the isomorphism theorem, $G/K \cong \mathrm{im} \varphi$. This is a finite subgroup of $F^\times$, hence cyclic. Consider $H \hookrightarrow G \twoheadrightarrow G/K$. The kernel of this map is $H \cap K = K$, so $K$ is normal in $H$ and $H/K$ is a subgroup of $G/K$. Since $G/K$ is cyclic, we have $H/K \unlhd G/K$. Using this, we can show $H \unlhd G$: Let $x \in G$ and $h \in H$. Since $H/K \unlhd G/K$, there is an $h' \in H$ s.t. $x^{-1}hx \equiv h' \mod K$, i.e. $x^{-1}hx = h'k$ for some $k \in K$. The right side is an element of $HK = H$, hence $x^{-1}Hx \subseteq H$. This shows $H \unlhd G$. Now, by another isomorphism theorem, $G/H \cong (G/K)/(H/K)$. This is a quotient of a cyclic group, hence cyclic.