I need show that space $W^{1,q}_0(-1,1)$ is a subset of $C([-1,1])$ space. How I will able to doing this?
Show $W^{1,q}_0(-1,1)\subset C([-1,1])$
1 Answers
If $q=+\infty$, and $\varphi_n$ are test functions such that $\lVert \varphi_n-u\rVert_{\infty}\to 0$, then we can find a set of measure $0$ such that $\sup_{x\in [-1,1]\setminus N}|\varphi_n(x)-u(x)|\to 0$, so $u$ is almost everywhere equal to a continuous function, and can be represented by it.
We assume $1\leqslant q<\infty$. As $W_0^{1,q}(-1,1)$ consists of equivalence classes of functions and $C[-1,1]$ consists of functions, what we have to show is that each element of $W_0^{1,q}(-1,1)$ can be represented by a continuous function. First, for $\varphi$ a test function, we have $|\varphi(x)-\varphi(y)|\leqslant \left|\int_x^y|\varphi'(x)|dx\right|\leqslant |x-y|^{1-1/q}\lVert\varphi'\rVert_{L^q}.$ Now, let $u\in W_0^{1,q}(-1,1)$. By definition, we can find a sequence $\{\varphi_k\}\subset D(-1,1)$ such that $\lim_{k\to+\infty}\lVert u-\varphi_k\rVert_q+\lVert u'-\varphi'_k\rVert_q=0.$ Up to a subsequence, we can assume that $\lim_{k\to+\infty}\varphi_k(x)=u(x)$. As for $k$ large enough, $|\varphi_k(x)-\varphi_k(y)|\leqslant |x-y|^{1-1/q}(\lVert u'\rVert_{L^q}+1),$ we have for almost every $x, y\in (-1,1)$, $|u(x)-u(y)|\leqslant |x-y|^{1-1/q}(\lVert u'\rVert_{L^q}+1),$ what we wanted (and even more, as $u$ is represented by a $\left(1-\frac 1q\right)$-Hölder continuous function, as noted robjohn).
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0It's true for $u\in W^{1,\infty}_0$ by definition (as the closure of test functions for $||v||:=||v||_{\infty}+||v'||_{\infty}$. – 2012-11-07