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Along the way to proving a solution for this stubborn question of mine, I've come upon this expression which I would like to evaluate: $ \lim_{n\to\infty} \frac{1}{n^3}\sum_{\ell=1}^{n-1}\sqrt{(n^2-\ell^2)(n^2-(\ell-1)^2)} $ Assuming consistency+correctness of the rest of my work, I would love for it to turn out that the limit is $\frac{2}{3}$, but to be honest I'm not certain of how to continue. I see no reason for there to be a nice closed form for the sum (and W|A appear to agree).

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For every $1\leqslant\ell\leqslant n-1$, $ n^2-\ell^2\leqslant\sqrt{(n^2-\ell^2)(n^2-(\ell-1)^2)}\leqslant n^2-(\ell-1)^2, $ hence the sums $S_n$ you are interested in are such that $R_n\leqslant S_n\leqslant T_n$ for every $n\geqslant1$, with $ R_n=\frac1{n^3}\sum_{\ell=1}^{n-1}(n^2-\ell^2),\qquad T_n=\frac1{n^3}\sum_{\ell=0}^{n-2}(n^2-\ell^2). $ The rest should be easy (and the limit is indeed $\frac23$).

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    [Here](http://math.stackexchange.com/a/181997/34515) is what I ended up doing with this. Thanks again!2012-08-13