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Is it true that $\left\lvert \sin z \right \rvert \leq 1$ for all $z \in \mathbb{C}$ ?

I think that is not true, can anyone help me?

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    **Hint**: $\sin\,ix=i\sinh\,x$, where $\sinh\,x=\dfrac{\exp\,x-\exp(-x)}{2}$ and consider the case where $x$ is a large real number.2012-05-07

5 Answers 5

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$\sin z=z-\frac{z^3}{3!}+\frac{z^5}{5!}- \dots $

$\sin i=i\left( 1+\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{5!}+ \cdots \right)$

$|\sin { i}|= 1+\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{5!}+ \cdots >1$

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Liouville's theorem says "Every bounded entire function is a constant".

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    @Norbert, around here, we use the idiom "nuking mosquitoes"... :)2012-07-05
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$\sin(z) = {1 \over 2i}(e^{iz} - e^{-iz})$, so for $z = -iy$ with $y$ real you have $|\sin(iy)| = \bigg|{e^{y} - e^{-y} \over 2}\bigg|$ So for large values of $y$ you have that $|\sin(iy)|$ is much larger than 1.

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By Liouville's theorem the only bounded and entire functions are constant functions. An interesting deduction from Liouville's theorem is that non-constant entire functions must be unbounded. Hence $\sin z$, $\cos z$ being a non-constant entire function must be unbounded.

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Say we want $\sin z = 2$.

$ 2=\sin z = \frac{e^{iz}-e^{-iz}}{2i} $ if $ 4i = e^{iz}+e^{-iz}. $ Multiply both sides by $e^{iz}$, getting $ 4ie^{iz} = e^{2iz}+1. $ I.e. $ 4iu = u^2 + 1. $ $ u^2 - 4iu + 1 = 0. $ This is a quadratic equation $ au^2+bu+c=0 $ with $a=1,\quad b= -4i,\quad c=1$. The discriminant is $ b^2-4ac = -16-4 = -20 = -2^2\cdot5. $ So $ u = \frac{4i \pm2i\sqrt{5}}{2} = 2i \pm i\sqrt{5}. $ If we want $ e^{i(x+iy)}=e^{iz} = i(2+\sqrt{5}) $ where $x$ and $y$ are real, then we need $ e^{-y} = 2+\sqrt{5}, \text{ so } y = -\log_e(2+\sqrt{5}), $ and $ x = \frac \pi 2 \pm 2\pi n. $ $ z= \frac \pi 2 -i\log_e(2+\sqrt{5}) + 2\pi n. $

So we've got $\sin z = 2$.

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    @EthanAlvaree : Probably in matters like this I'd say it is. However, if a student asks why $(d/dx)\sin x = tan x$, I would leave it intact, since the mistake is an essential part of the question. I'd put the correction in the answer. ${}\qquad{}$2015-02-24