Which terms are used for the problem of mapping each element of a finite set $S$ one-to-one to a natural number in $\{0, \ldots, |S|-1\}$?
I am thinking of non-trivial sets, of course, such as the set of all connected subgraphs of a given graph.
Enumeration, indexing, ranking?
Are there any text books, journals, theses on this subject in general?