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For distributions the scaling property, $f(ax) = \frac{1}{|a|} \mathcal{F(\frac{u}{a})}$, of the Fourier transform is no longer true. Is there a source that lists which properties of the Fourier transform remain true even for distributions and which are false?

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    I agree with Guiseppe. The scaling property is commonly exploited with Dirac delta functions.2012-12-22

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A notable difference is behavior at $\infty$: The Fourier transform of a function in $L^1(\mathbb R)$ vanishes at $\infty$, but for a distribution it can remain constant (like the transform of $\delta$) or even grow (like the transform of $\delta'$).

But many properties can be passed from Schwartz functions $\varphi$ to distributions $f$, thanks to the definition $\langle \widehat f, \varphi\rangle = \langle f, \widehat \varphi\rangle \tag1$ For example, the scaling property passes from $\varphi$ to $f$. Stretching $f$ on the right of (1) has the same effect as shrinking $\widehat \varphi$ (and multiplication by some constant), which amounts to stretching $\varphi$, which has the same effect on the left as shrinking $\widehat f$.