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Let $H\subset G$ be a subgroup and $\pi:P\to B$ be a principal $H$-bundle.

$G$ has a left $H$ action and one can define a principal $G$-bundle \pi':P\times_H G\to B where $P\times_H G$ is quotiening out the diagonal $H$-action of $P\times G$

This latter bundle \pi' is called the extension of the structure group from $H$ to $G$ of the bundle $\pi$, I guess.

There also exists another term reduction of the structure group. Is this just the ''dual''? i.e. is $\pi$ the reduction of the structure group from $G$ to $H$ of the bundle \pi'?

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    You can define the diagonal H -action of P×G?2015-09-21

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Yes, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_of_the_structure_group .

For example, when $G=GL(k)$ (so you have a vector bundle), the possibility of reducing the structure group to $GL^+(k)$ means that the bundle is orientable. Reducing the structure group to $O(k)$ means introducing a metric.