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I know the answer is 16. I.E all the multiples of 6, but what is the actual concept behind this? I was trying to understand an explanation given by Euler, but in vain. Kindly explain in layman terms. Thanks in advance.

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    I guess you meant "sum of three **different** factors", otherwise any multiple of $\,3\,$ will do it into the list as well...and many others as well, e.g. $\,8=2+2+4\,$2012-10-24

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Suppose that $n=a+b+c$, where $a,b,c\mid n$ and $a. Then $c\mid n-c=a+b<2c$, so $a+b=c$ and therefore $n=2a+2b$. But then $b\mid n-2b=2a$, so $a, and therefore $b=2a$. That is, $b=2a$ and $c=a+b=3a$, so $n=6a$.

Conversely, if $n=6a$, then $n=a+2a+3a$, where $a,2a$, and $3a$ all divide $n$.