To be separable means to have a countable dense subset. Suppose that $(M, d)$ is a metric space and that $U\subseteq M$ be an uncountable subset and $r > 0$. Suppose that for all $x \neq y \in U$, $d(x,y) \ge r$. Let $C$ be any countable subset of $M$. Then $C$ can only meet a countable number of the balls $B_{r/2}(x)$ for $x\in U$. Let $G$ be the union of all $B_{r/2}(x)$ for $x\in U$ that do not meet $C$. $G$ is a nonempty open subset of $M$ that does not meet $C$.
There can be no countable dense subset of $M$.
Consider the case of $\ell^\infty$. For each subset $Q$ of the integers, let $x_Q$ be the sequence that is 1 on $G$ and 0 off of it. The $x_Q$ are uncountable and any two elements of this collection are distance 1 apart. We have just shown that $\ell^\infty$ is not separable.
You can generate a similar construct for $L^\infty$. Consider the uncountable subclass of characteristic functions $\{\chi_{B_r(0)}\}_{r>0}\subseteq L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$. Then each pair of distinct elements in it would be 1 unit distance apart. Ergo there cannot be any countable subset of $L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$ that is dense in it.