I have read that most proofs of the triangulability of surfaces require the use of the Jordan-Schönflies Theorem. However, is such high-tech machinery really needed? The problem is that 3-manifolds can also be triangulated, yet the analogue of the Jordan-Schönflies Theorem in dimension 3 fails (I believe that the Alexander horned-sphere yields a counterexample). Hence, can the main idea behind the success of being able to triangulate surfaces be elucidated without fiddling with the Jordan-Schönflies Theorem?
Do we really need to use the Jordan-Schönflies Theorem to prove that every surface can be triangulated?
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general-topology
manifolds
surfaces
geometric-topology
triangulation
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0@Martin: The linked proof works only for smooth surfaces. If your surface is merely topological, that proof fails. On the other hand, Schoenflies theorem does hold in dimension 3 if you restrict to topologically tame subspheres. – 2016-04-24