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A loan for $8\, 000$ must be repaid with $6$ year end payments at an annual rate of $11 \%$. What is the annual payment? I know that the present value of an annuity with end payments is $\frac{1-v^n}{i}$ where $v = 1/(1+i)$. Likewise, the future value is $(1+i)^{n}\frac{1-v^n}{i}$. How do I use this to solve this problem?

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    How do you get the present value? I know $PV = \frac{FV}{(1+i)^n}$. But how yould you formulate this in terms of annuities? How do you do it by hand?2010-10-15

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We have to find the value of constant (I assume, since nothing is specified on the contrary) payments $A$ given the principal $P$ during $n$ yearly periods and the interest rate $i$. The value of $A$ in the period $k$ is equivalent to the present value $A/\left( 1+i\right) ^{k}$ monetary units, where $i$ is the interest rate in each capitalization period. Summing in $k$, from 1 to $n$, we get the sum

$\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^{n}\dfrac{A}{\left( 1+i\right) ^{k}}$

This is a geometric progression with ratio $r=1/(1+i)$ and first term $u_{1}=A/\left( 1+i\right)$ whose sum is:

$\dfrac{A}{1+i}\dfrac{\left( \dfrac{1}{1+i}\right)^{n}-1}{\dfrac{1}{1+i}-1}=A\dfrac{\left( 1+i\right) ^{n}-1}{i\left( 1+i\right) ^{n}}=P.$

Hence

$A=P\dfrac{i\left( 1+i\right) ^{n}}{\left( 1+i\right) ^{n}-1}.$

For the given problem, the payments will be made during $n=6$ years, with $i=11\%=\dfrac{11}{100}$ and $P=8000$:

$A=8000\times \dfrac{0.11(1.11)^{6}}{(1.11)^{6}-1}\approx 1891$


Sum of a geometric progression:

$S=u_{1}+u_{2}+u_{3}+\ldots +u_{n}$

$rS=ru_{1}+ru_{2}+ru_{3}+\ldots +ru_{n-1}+ru_{n}$

$u_{k}=ru_{k-1}=u_{1}r^{k-1}$

$S-rS=\left( u_{1}+u_{2}+u_{3}+\ldots +u_{n}\right) -\left( ru_{1}+ru_{2}+ru_{3}+\ldots +ru_{n-1}+ru_{n}\right) $

$(1-r)S=u_{1}-ru_{n}$

$S=\dfrac{u_{1}-ru_{n}}{1-r}=\dfrac{u_{1}-u_{1}r^{n}}{1-r}=u_1\times\dfrac{1-r^{n}}{1-r}=u_1\times\dfrac{r^{n}-1}{r-1}.$

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    @Trevor: I added the derivation of the progression sum formula.2010-10-16