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Define $f:\mathbb{\mathbb{C}}^{2}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ by

$f(z_{1},z_{2})=\text{Arg}(z_{1})+\text{Arg}(z_{2})-\text{Arg}(z_{1}z_{2})\;,$

where $\text{Arg}$ denotes the principal argument. What is the range of the function $f$? (The answer is $\{-2\pi,0,2\pi\}$.)

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    @joriki, no problem, sorry for that!2011-05-30

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In polar form,

$z_1=r_1\mathrm e^{\mathrm i\phi_1}\;,$ $z_2=r_2\mathrm e^{\mathrm i\phi_2}\;,$

where $r_1$ and $r_2$ are the magnitudes and $\phi_1$ and $\phi_2$ are the arguments of $z_1$ and $z_2$, respectively, the multiplication takes the simple form

$z_1z_2=r_1r_2\mathrm e^{\mathrm i(\phi_1+\phi_2)}\;.$

Now you can read off the argument of $z_1z_2$ from the exponential, but you have to take into account that this might wrap around. The usual choice for the range of the argument is $(-\pi,\pi]$ (this is what's called the "principal argument"), so $\phi_1+\phi_2\in(2\pi,2\pi]$. Thus you may have to add $2\pi$ or subtract $2\pi$ to get this back into the range $(-\pi,\pi]$, so the difference between the argument of $z_1z_2$ and the sum $\phi_1+\phi_2$ of the individual arguments can be $-2\pi$, $0$ or $2\pi$.