I believe your energy would be better spent just taking the value given from the calculator and thinking about this simple observation:
In terms of the unit circle: Note that $\sin(\theta)$ refers to the $y$-value of the point on the unit circle corresponding to angle $\theta$ (Here, $\theta$ will be measured in degrees to match the OP's question, although I think radians are preferably). Unless the angle is $90^{\circ}$ or $270^{\circ}$, there are exactly two points on the unit circle with that $y$-value. Therefore, to find the other one, you simply look at the opposite angle on the circle: $180^{\circ} - \theta$. Therefore, your calculator gives that $\sin^{-1}(1/2) = 30^{\circ}$, and we quickly get the next value of $150^{\circ}$. To get the remaining values, we add multiples of $360^{\circ}$ to $30^{\circ}$ and $150^{\circ}$.