One can define the notion of a locally free sheaf (of finite rank) on any locally ringed space.
If you restrict to the category of (noetherian?) schemes, this category is equivalent to the category of vector bundles. (This is an exercise in Hartshorne.)
If you restrict to the category of complex manifolds, this category is equivalent to the category of complex vector bundles.
Can one unify these two observations? That is, can one describe the category of locally free sheaves on a locally ringed space $(X,\mathcal{O}_X)$ as a category of "vector bundles"?