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What's the analogue to spherical coordinates in $n$-dimensions? For example, for $n=2$ the analogue are polar coordinates $r,\theta$, which are related to the Cartesian coordinates $x_1,x_2$ by

$x_1=r \cos \theta$ $x_2=r \sin \theta$

For $n=3$, the analogue would be the ordinary spherical coordinates $r,\theta ,\varphi$, related to the Cartesian coordinates $x_1,x_2,x_3$ by

$x_1=r \sin \theta \cos \varphi$ $x_2=r \sin \theta \sin \varphi$ $x_3=r \cos \theta$

So these are my questions: Is there an analogue, or several, to spherical coordinates in $n$-dimensions for $n>3$? If there are such analogues, what are they and how are they related to the Cartesian coordinates? Thanks.

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    See Knuth, Art of Computer Prog., Vol.2 3.3.1, Exercise 15.2018-07-25

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These are hyperspherical coordinates. You can see an example of them being put to use in this answer.

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    @joriki Thank you for updating the first link. As for the second link, I did in fact notice it leads to another answer on this site, but I still believe a word or two on this answer wouldn't hurt. In any case, I want to apologize for the comment, as it might have seemed rude---or it might have seen as wanting to "lecture" a more experienced user---, but it wasn't my intention.2018-09-24
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Just look at n-sphere. A lecture note from Stony Brook is also available.

You can find it in Fock's paper (Fock, V. (1935).)or in some recent papers- like (Howard, S. "Fundamental Solution of Laplaces Equation in Hyperspherical Geometry.") or (Jing-Jing, F., Ling, H., & Shi-Jie, Y. (2011). Solutions of laplace equation in n-dimensional spaces. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 56(4), 623.) for advanced studies.

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    Right now, your answer looks like a "link only" (or citation only) answer. As the goal of MSE is to provide a more-or-less self-contained repository of questions and answers, it would be preferable if you expended some words to explain what is contained in those references and how it applies to the question being asked.2018-04-25