A number not containing both 5 and 6, either doesn't contain 5 or doesn't contain 6 (or both). For example, the number $5$ doesn't contain both $5$ and $6$. However, it does contain $5$. Always try your ideas on things you can count on your own!
You need to use inclusion-exclusion:
- Start with all $9\cdot 10^7$ numbers with exactly $8$ digits.
- Remove all $8\cdot 9^7$ numbers not containing $5$.
- Remove all $8\cdot 9^7$ numbers not containing $6$.
- Numbers containing neither $5$ nor $6$ were removed twice, so we add them once to compensate: $7\cdot 8^7$.
- In total, the result is $ 9\cdot 10^7 - 2\cdot 8\cdot 9^7 + 7\cdot 8^7. $
Now let's check ourselves by seeing what happens for one-digit numbers and two-digit numbers. For one-digit numbers we get $ 9 - 16 + 7 = 0, $ and indeed no single-digit number can contain both $5$ and $6$. For two-digit numbers we get $ 90 - 144 + 56 = 2, $ and the two numbers in question are $56$ and $65$.
A different (more complicated) way to solve this is to enumerate on the possible first locations of $5$ and $6$, calculate explicitly how many numbers there are of this form (easy), and then summing everything up (hard). This is simpler to do if you don't care about "exactly $8$ digits" (put otherwise, it's simpler to calculate the number for "up to $8$ digits" and then subtract the analogous count for "up to $7$ digits").