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I am interested to know an example of a collection $S$ of real valued functions $f : \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ with the following properties.

  1. The set $S$ is not closed under addition. ($h(x) = f(x) + g(x)$).

  2. The set $S$ is not closed under multiplication. ($h(x) = f(x)g(x)$).

  3. There exists a binary operator under which the set $S$ is closed.

    EDIT : This edit is being made after receiving comments and suggestions from Zev Chonoles and joriki.

    The condition 3 is modified as below conditions.

    3A. There exists a binary operator $\star$ under which the set $S$ is closed.

    3B. The operator $\star$ on the set $S$ has associative property.

    3C. $\forall f_1,f_2,f_3 \in S$ if $f_1 \star f_2 = f_3$ then $f_1 \ne f_3$ and $f_2 \ne f_3$.

  • 2
    This is true for any set with properties 1 and 2, since you can define an arbitrary binary operator on it. I thin$k$ you'll need to say something about what sort of binary operator you want this to be.2011-04-26

1 Answers 1

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Here is one that meets the current requirements (including 3A, 3B, 3C):

Let $S=\{f_n\}_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ where $f_n(x)=\begin{cases}n\text{ if }x\neq0\\\textstyle \frac{1}{2}\text{ if }x=0\end{cases}$ Clearly $S$ is not closed under addition or multiplication, and $S$ is infinite. Define $f_n\star f_m= f_{n+m}$ for all $n,m\in\mathbb{N}$. This operation is associative (because $+$ is associative on $\mathbb{N}$), and is guaranteed to have $f_n\star f_m\neq f_m$ and $f_n\star f_m\neq f_n$ for all $n,m\in\mathbb{N}$ (because $0\notin\mathbb{N}$).

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    @Rajesh: Using [bump functions](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_function), we can construct $f_n$'s that are not only continuous, but $C^\infty$, and have the property that: $f_n(0)=\frac{1}{2}$ for all $n\in\mathbb{N}$, and $f_n(x)=n$ for all |x|>1. These functions, along with the same operation in my answer, will do the trick.2011-04-26