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I have a question that I have problem with in number theory about Diophantine,and Pell's equations. Any help is appreciated!

We suppose $n$ is a fixed non-zero integer, and suppose that $x^2_0 - 3 y^2_0 = n$, where $x_0$ and $y_0$ are bigger than or equal to zero. Let $x_1 = 2 x_0 + 3 y_0$ and $y_1 = x_0 + 2 y_0$. We need to show that we have $x^2_1 - 3 y^2_1 = n$, with $x_1>x_0$, and $y_1>y_0$. Also, we need to show then that given $n$, the equation $x^2 - 3 y^2 = n$ has either no solutions or infinitely many solutions. Thank you very much!

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    Next time, please say what you tried and why things are not working out. Here, you could easily have posted your attempt, and people could have pointed out if (or where) there was a mistake. You'd learn a lot more that way.2011-04-21

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The fact that if $x_1=2x_0+3y_0$ then $x_1\gt x_0$ is immediate: you cannot have both $x_0$ and $y_0$ zero; likewise with $y_1$.

That $x_1^2+3y_1^2$ is also equal to $n$ if you assume that $x_0^2 - 3y_0^2=n$ should follow by simply plugging in the definitions of $x_1$ and $y_1$ (in terms of $x_0$ and $y_0$), and chugging.

Finally, what you have just done is show that if you have one solution, you can come up with another solution. Do you see how this implies the final thing you "need to show"?

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    If we have a solution, then we can find another one with x_1>x_0, and y_1>y_0 in the same quadrant. Thus, we have infinitely many. Is anything to be added since we can find a new solution every time with bigger $x_i$ and $y_i$?2011-04-25
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HINT $\: $ Put $\rm\: z = x+\sqrt{3}\ y\:,\:$ norm \rm\:N(z)\: = z\:z' = x^2 - 3\ y^2\:.\: Then \rm u = 2 + \sqrt{3}\ \Rightarrow\ N(u) = u\:u' = 1\: so \rm\ N(u\:z)\ =\ (u\:z)\:(u\:z)' =\ u\:u'\:z\:z'\ =\ z\:z'\:,\: where $\rm\ u\:z\ =\ 2\:x+3\:y + (x+2\:y)\ \sqrt{3}\:.\:$ Therefore the composition law (symmetry) $\rm\ z\to u\:z\ $ on the solution space $\rm\:\{z\ :\ N(z) = n\}$ arises simply by multiplying by an element of $\rm\:u\:$ of norm $1\:,\:$ using the multiplicativity of the norm: $\rm\ N(u) = 1\ \ \Rightarrow\ \ N(u\:z)\ =\ N(u)\:N(z)\ =\ N(z) = n$