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Let $E$ be an infinite set of cardinality $\aleph_\alpha$, and let $\mathfrak{F}\subset\mathfrak{P}(E)$ such that $\bigcup\mathfrak{F}=E$, $|\mathfrak{F}|=\aleph_\alpha$, and $|A|=\aleph_\alpha$ for any $A\in\mathfrak{F}$. Furthermore, I have a mapping $f$ of $\omega_\alpha$ onto $\mathfrak{F}$ such that $|f^{-1}(A)|=\aleph_\alpha$ for any $A\in\mathfrak{F}$. I would like to define a bijection $g$ of $\omega_\alpha$ onto $E$ such that $g(\xi)\in f(\xi)$. (Maybe not all assumptions are necessary.)

How can this be done? It is easy to define an injection $g$ of that form by transfinite induction, but how can I make sure that "no element of $E$ is left after the last step". I had the idea of starting with an arbitrary bijection of $\omega_\alpha$ onto $E$, and only modifying it at each step of the induction (e.g. by exchanging pairs of elements). But I really don't know what to do at the limit ordinal steps. Any kind of help is welcome.

It would also be great for intuition if someone could prove the $\alpha=0$ case.

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    @Asaf: No, my question is answered. I just didn't find the time to check that until now.2011-06-12

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Obviously you need to add an assumption that $\bigcup\mathfrak F=E$, otherwise no such bijection exists.

I will try the case $\alpha=0$, which is the same as $E=\omega_0$ (the set of all non-positive integers). I hope I haven't overseen something.

We can define $g$ inductively by $g(n)=\min\{k\in f(n); k\notin g[\{0,1,\dots,n-1\}]\}$. (The smallest $k$ from $f(n)$ that we have not used yet.)

Every $k$ is member of some $A$ (if we assume $\bigcup\mathfrak F=E$). For this $A$ the set $f^{-1}(A)$ is inifinite, i.e., there are infinitely many numbers $a_1 such that $f(a_i)=A$. It can be easily shown that $k\in g(n)$ for some $n\le a_k$.

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    @Stefan: I meant $k\in g(n)$. I have corrected this typo in my attempted proof. BTW if your studying some book or paper where this is claimed or it used in a step of some proof, it might be good to mention the source.2011-06-12
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Generalising the answer of Martin.

Let $E=\omega_\alpha$. Define $g(\beta) = $ the least element of $f(\beta) \setminus g[\beta]$. Since $|f(\beta)| = \aleph_\alpha$ the set $f(\beta) \setminus g[\beta]$ is not empty. By definition $g$ is an injection. Let us show that it is a bijection. Let $\gamma \in E$. By the assumption $\bigcup \mathfrak F = E$, $\gamma \in A$ for some $A \in \mathfrak F$. Since $|f^{-1}(A)| = \aleph_\alpha$ and $\gamma < \omega_\alpha$, there is snome $\beta$ such that $g(\beta) = \gamma$.