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Let $X$ be a discrete subset of a $K(\pi,1)$. Is the quotient space $K(\pi,1)/X$ still a K(\pi',1)? If so, what is \pi'?

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The quotient of a pathconnected space $A$ by an $n$-point subspace is homotopy equivalent to $A\vee \bigvee\limits_{n-1} S^1$. And $K(\pi,1)\vee S^1=K(\pi*\mathbb Z,1)$. So the answer is, yes, for \pi'=\pi*F_{n-1}.

Upd. To make the answer more... self-contained, let me also sketch the proof of the first claim for $n=2$. The crucial lemma: if $X$ is a CW-complex, $Y\subset X$ -- a contractible subcomplex, then $X/Y\cong X$ (the proof can be found in any AT textbook -- for example, see Proposition 0.17 of Hatcher's book).

Now for any 2-point subset $\{a,b\}$ of $A$ take $X=A\cup[0,1]/(0\sim a,1\sim b)$ and apply the lemma for $Y_1=[0,1]$ and for $Y_2$ equal to path $\gamma$ from $a$ to $b$ in $X$ (actually, one has to be slightly more careful here -- because sometimes such path is not a subcomplex etc, but let's ignore this for now): $A/\{a,b\}=X/Y_1\cong X\cong X/Y_2=(A/\gamma)\vee S^1\cong A\vee S^1$.

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    @user20619 See the update.2011-12-09