This is so far the most naive of my questions.
Weakly modular functions of weight $2k$ correspond to $k$-forms on $X(1)$, right? But $X(1)$ is a curve. So shouldn't there not be any $k$-forms for $k\geq 1$ or maybe $2$?
This is so far the most naive of my questions.
Weakly modular functions of weight $2k$ correspond to $k$-forms on $X(1)$, right? But $X(1)$ is a curve. So shouldn't there not be any $k$-forms for $k\geq 1$ or maybe $2$?
I don't know exactly how these objects work rigorously, but here's a formal explanation. We have expressions of the form $f(z) dz$ where $f$ is a meromorphic function on the upper half plane, and we'd like to think of these as meromorphic differential forms. Under an automorphism $g : \mathbb{H} \to \mathbb{H}$ they transform as
f(z) dz \mapsto f(gz) g' dz.
Writing $g = \frac{az + b}{cz + d} \in \text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{R})$ we get g' = \frac{ad - bc}{(cz + d)^2} = \frac{1}{(cz + d)^2}, so in particular a meromorphic modular form of weight $2$ is the same thing as one of these expressions.
More generally we can talk about expressions of the form $f(z) (dz)^k$ for $k > 1$, in a purely formal sense: we're not thinking about wedge products or anything. Anyway, these new fancy expressions transform as
f(z) dz \mapsto f(gz) g'^k (dz)^k
hence are the same thing as meromorphic modular forms of weight $2k$.
In rigorous language, the objects we're considering are "sections of tensor powers of the canonical bundle on $X(1)$"; the objects we've described are not differential forms in the usual sense (which are sections of exterior powers of a bundle).