~ :home directory . :current directory .. :parent directory * : stands for any character or characters (or no character at all) & : you need & symbol to do multitasking - opens some programs in a new window ---Test Editors built-in to RIT's Unix computers--- ed : confusing and simple, ed is the "default text editor" (terminal only) vi : can be very confusing to beginners, but is powerful (terminal only) vim : similar to vi (terminal only) pico : very simple - this one is fine for quick changes (terminal only) nedit : half-way between emacs and pico, this is rather plain but also uncomplicated - also the short-cut keys, like control-c, to copy, are like those in Windows (seprate window only) gedit : gnome text editor - pleasing user interface - also the short-cut keys, like control-c, to copy, are like those in Windows (seprate window only) emacs : awesome, but it takes so long to load and can be very complicated (terminal and seprate window) xemacs : a fork of emacs - see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XEmacs for more info (seprate window) eclipse : Eclipse - an open source Integrated Development Environment written entirely in Java ------------------------------------- bash : to go into Bourne Again shell tcsh : to go into Tenex C shell cd :OR: cd ~ : to go home directory cd .. : to go into parent directory cd {directory1} :to go into child directory mozilla & :to open Mozilla, you need & symbol to do multitasking firefox & :same deal as Mozilla emacs & :to open Emacs ddd & :to open Data Display Debugger whoami : gives user name who : who is on computer finger {RITusername} : to give you info about a person. whereis {command} : gives you location of command ps -ef :shows processes top : shows processes using memory, typing {q} quits out of top kill {PID} : kill program with Process ID kill -9 {PID} : to kill without prejudice (no matter what) {ctrl c} :return to command prompt {ctrl d} :end of file command {ctrl z} :stop (pause process) bg %1 :puts paused process in a new thread history : displays history of processes ls : lists stuff in directory ls {directory1}: lists directories in directory1 ls {../directory1}: lists directories in directory1, that's in parent directory mkdir {NewDirectoryName}:make directory rmdir {directory} : delete directory (must be empty) rm -R {directory} : delete directory and all subdirectories recursively rm {filename} :delete file mv {Filename} {NewFilename} : to rename a file cp {Filename} {NewFilename} : to copy a file cp -R {Directory1} {Directory2} :in a parent directory, to copy everything from Directory1 to Directory2 mv {Filename} {DestinationDirectory} : to move a file to another directory cp {Filename} {DestinationDirectory} : to copy a file to another directory lp {filename} : prints a file to an actual printer - not to be confused the to "more" command below which "prints" the file to the terminal window echo $PATH : to print out where you are on command prompt pwd : tells you what path you are in (simpler way than above) - short for "Print Working Directory" to terminal echo $TERM : prints out the terminal window you are using (probably "xterm") whereis : finds the pathname of a program. Ex. where xpdf export : prints list of global variables to standard out pine : to open a mail program built into Unix Mail -s {SubjectOfEmail(Use quotes for multiple words)} {username or email address of the person your sending file to} < {Filename of text that you wilXl use as the body of the email} : to mail a file javac {Javafile.java} : to compile a java program javac *.java : to compile all java programs in directory- WARNING, it may not compile all .java programs if one program has compilation errors in it java {Javafile w/o .java} : to run java program (do not put .java at end of filename) java {javafile w/o .java} arg0 arg1 : To run a java program with command line arguments jar xf {compressedfile.jar} : to unpack a downloaded jar file (add -v to show what it does) jar -cxvf {file} : compresses file cspasswd : to change password dtcalc &:brings up a GUI calculator cal : to display a calender for a month cal 2005 : to display a calender for the year date : gives you date and time time {program file}: tells you how long the program has been running when it finishes uptime: prints how long the computer has been running cat {filename} : prints out file to standard output cat {filename1} {filename2} : to concatenate (i.e. append one to the other) filename1 to filename2 and print out the resulting combination to standard output more {filename} : shows you the contents of a file in the terminal window. Press space bar to scroll down. less {filename} : also shows you the contents of a file in the terminal window. Use arrow keys to move up and down. Press 'q' on keyboard to quit. {command} > {file.txt} : to put all standard output into a file java {javafile w/o .java} > {filename.txt} : to print all output messages of java program into file java {javafile w/o .java} 2> {filename.txt} : to print all error messages of java program into file cat {filename.txt} | java {javafile w/o .java} :OR: java {javafile w/o .java} < filename.txt : to enter lines of code in file as you run java program as if you were typing them from the command prompt man {command} : tells you manual of command, i.e. how do you use it? info {command} : tells you information about command (similar to man command) {command} --help : shows you options of command du -ah : to disk usage of all files in current directory and all subdirectories quota -v : to check how much space RIT gives you to store stuff findhog : shows the percentage of things stored on your HDD rm-junk : asks you if want you to remove stuff that takes up too much space, note: say yes to removing "core" files - you don't need them chmod 755 -R * {folder name} : unblocks everything in this folder for the public to read and execute, but not write try -q ... :to see what i've submitted to try already co -l RCS/*.cpp,v RCS/*.h,v : check out everything from RCS -- How to change backspace key 1. In Gnome's terminal window, click the heading: "Edit"--> "Current Profile..." 2. Click the "Compatibility heading" 3. Next to "Backspace key generates:", click "ASCII DEL" and change it to "Control-H". -- Emacs Shortcuts: tab : indent ctrl - x, 1 :one window ctrl - x, 2 :two windows, split vertically ctrl - x, 3 :two windows, split horizontally ctrl - c, ctrl - c : to comment out a region (you must highlight the region first) ctrl - c, ctrl - c : when you done with change comment ctrl - c, ctrl - q : auto indent ctrl - shift - _ : undo ctrl - x, ctrl - x : to save your file See using Emacs & RCS at http://www.cs.rit.edu/~cs1/Labs/Tips/emacs-rcs.html Fun (the cool programs are in /usr/local) : gaim & :OR: /usr/local/gaim/bin/gaim & : Gaim! /usr/local/opera5.0/opera & : Opera!